The romantic music has been influenced from
the idea of romanticism. Romanticism extended to Europe in the latter half of
the 19th century in the middle of the 18th century. The thought has extended
the philosophy, literature, musical, and others. Classicism to the contrary, feelings,
individuality, freedom, and others were esteemed and the mystical experience
and the yearning for infinite were expressed.
In music, the Classical music has been
developed based on romanticism. A lot of piano pieces were made because it was
freely expressible. Moreover, the traditional music expression was used while
pursuing new music. Therefore, it was a goal at the harmony of old and new.
The Early Part of Romantic
Musicians who were belonging exclusively of
the court and the church started becoming independent, and it becoming a free
artist. A literary element was taken into music. The pursuit of a richer
expression started from the music of the form valuing. Groping fornew harmony started, too.
The title was applied to the instrumental
music tune, and "Program music" was born. The pioneer of the program
music has two people, Ludwing van Beethoven and Hector Berlioz. Beethoven named
the sixth symphony in F major key "Country". Berlioz were in music
some themes, and composed "Der Freischutz" that was music with
the story. A lot of program music were seen in the piano piece. It is this age
that Frederic Francois Chopin who was called a piano poet was born. It is said
by Berlioz that it established the program music in the symphony.
The opera also faced the heyday from a
literary relation in the romantic age. At the same time, a regional
characteristic became remarkable, and the work that reflected a racial taste
arose. "Der Freischutz" in Germany and "Grand opera" in
France is a typical music.
The Latter Period of Romantic
The musician in the latter period of romantic
valued own principle and insistence. "Symphonic poem" in a new field
was born as a result of pursuing a novel expression. This was made by the Franz
Liszt. It was influenced from "Der Freischutz" of Berlioz who was his
friend. The symphonic poem is not an orchestral music work of a single movement
with "Title" but poetry by orchestral music. Liszt took up
"Epic" as poetry.
The new music style that was called "Nationalist
School" was able to be completed in the underdeveloped country of music.
Nationalist School is nationalism music. It thinks mainly about politics and
the culture by thinking about our race. And, it is called nationalism to
request sense of values. The feature of Nationalist School is to use a peculiar
music style of the folkloric music and the folk song of the home country.
Therefore, the music of each country of various styles is completed.
In this age, there were a lot of music in
which composer's individuality and regional were reflected. Moreover, a new
concept that it was like Nationalist School, too.
Thus, the romantic music heralded the
modern music. And, it has developed into the modern music.
Sunday, February 17, 2013
Feature of Baroque
The baroque music was active in the 18th
century from the 17th century. The feature of the music at this time was that a
gorgeous opera had become active.
Vocal music was a center of music in the
old days. However, the instrumental music tune has increased because the
performances of musical instruments have gone up when becoming a baroque age.
Therefore, various musical instruments have been developed. Musical instruments
that had been often used were the recorders, viola de gamba[1],
and cembalos. The improvement was added also as for musical instruments that
were before. The cembalo is musical instruments that became it in a present
piano. The color of the cembalo keyboard is opposite to the piano. However, it
went out of use because neither the recorder, viola de gamba nor the cembalo
had the room for the improvement when changing at the classical period in the
baroque age.
viola de gamba
The cembalo
It is a baroque age that the opera that was
the play music arose. The opera was made in Italy. The opera is the performing
art that synthesizes literature, the play, the art, and music.
In the first, it tried to manage to
reproduce the play in a Greek age. People were not satisfactory in a chorus of
a multi voice alone. Then, it thought the music of the form of accompaniment
with musical instruments to be a soloist. However, a Greek play was not
researched in detail at that time. It was presented, and it was read aloud, and
however, the opera was born though it did not know whether to have been sung
the birth very of a Greek play while researching.
"Euridice" called the first opera
was born by Girolamo May who is research music, Rinuccini who is poet, and Peri
and Caccini who is composer.
As for this opera, the harpsichord, the
lute, and viola de gamba were used. Afterwards, monte Verdi built the base of
the opera. He composed "Orfeo" in 1606. After, the opera has extended
to Venice, Rome, and Naples.
As the instrumental music tune developed,
it was necessary to match conditions of musical instruments. The rule to adjust
pitches of each musical instrument was made. It is a tuning method that is
called "Temperament". Andreas Werckmeister establishes this rule. And
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote "The Well-Tempered Clavier", and he made
this rule known.
There are "Major key" and
"Minor key" in the tonality. The concern for harmony has risen. The
music scale of major key and the minor key was considered to be a discord. However,
it has been gradually standardized in the baroque age. In around 1680, Johann
Pachelbel composed "Canon", and it became an example.
The comparison between the melody and the
bass was very valued in this age. It is called a thorough bass to mark the
figure that shows harmony, and to supplement and to perform harmony with the
keyboard and others improvising.
There are musical historically two
important things in the baroque age. The first was born the play music. The
second was that instrumental music rises. Thus, the baroque music was
constructed.
[1]The volumes are smaller than violins.
Musical instruments are supported by the leg and played.
Monday, February 11, 2013
Performance Form
Today, I want to tell the orchestra and the solo as the performance form.
Orchestra
・Orchestra playing-Nutcracker-Pas de deux- (4:46) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG0jMkoKLJo The orchestra came into existence from the
instrumental music ensemble in around 1650. It consists of the musical
instrument group named the stringed instrument, the woodwind, the brass
instrument, and the percussion instrument. Moreover, there is a leader who
generalizes the whole. It is Intendant to generalize the orchestra as the
organization. Let’s see the organization of the orchestra with the performance.
It is Kapellmeister, Musikdirektor, and Concertmaster to generalize the
orchestra in music. Kapellmeister is a person in charge on the music side of
the entire court band that matches the singer to the musical instrument
performance. Concertmaster is a facilitator as the organization of the musical
instrument performance. Moreover, the orchestra is pulled while performing in
most cases by the player of the stringed instrument (especially, violin). The
orchestra uses various musical instruments. Kinds of the musical instruments
have changed. It is possible to read it from records of the past. It introduces
typical musical instruments.
Violin
There is putting the best bowstring in the
violin respectively. The bowstring of strength that is appropriate for the size
of the violin is put. The sound shuts oneself up when the bowstring is too fat.
When the bowstring is too thin, it becomes a weak sound. It can be said that
musical instruments will have been changed considering the volume, too. The
violinist supports the violin firmly by the jaw and the left hand. Therefore,
the movement of the position is not easy. It is necessary to raise the left
hand when becoming loud tones. The violinist often performs at a high position
in the orchestra work. The violinist has acquired such a technology.
The bow changed the performing technique of
the violin. It changed from a so-called baroque bow into Flachbogen. The
tension of the bow doubled. The violin is added the improvement, and arrives
now afterwards.
Flute
In the 18th century, the recorder and the
flute were concurrently used. However, the flute came to be used gradually in
the orchestra because tone quality has been improved by a technical improvement
of the flute. The compass of the flute became three octaves by the 18th end of
the century. The role in the orchestra of the flute was solo and a concertino.
However, so as not to be buried in other musical instruments of the orchestra,
the flute has been improved. In the middle of 19th century, it came to be able
to put out the compass of four octaves by using a key with the lid. And, the
flute became musical instruments indispensable for the orchestra.
Oboe
In the 18th first half of the century, the
oboe was the typical woodwind in the orchestra. The role of the oboe is to play
the melody with the violin besides solo. The performance ability of the oboe
was almost the same as the violin in around 1700. When the upper register was
performed because of a weak sound, the advanced technique was necessary for the
oboist. Therefore, the composer did not write dynamic marks of “p” in the part
of the oboe.
In addition to this, there are trumpet of
the brass instrument, tympani of the percussion instrument and others as
musical instruments that compose the orchestra.
Solo
Solo is said the alone performance while
the orchestra performs a lot. Piano solo and the violin solo are the solo
performances. Moreover, it is called solo to perform a certain part alone in
the orchestra.
Sunday, February 3, 2013
Opera Music
I want to tell the "The Marrige of Figaro" and "Don Giovanni".
The Marriage of Figaro（Le Nozze di Figaro)
Mozart composed "The Marriage of
Figaro". The first performance was held in the court theater in Vienna on
May 1, 1786.
Story
Overture
It is an event in Almaviva earl's castle of
about 1780. Servant's Figaro is supposed to marry Susannah who is countess's
maid. However, the Almaviva earl began to send goodwill to Susannah. The Almaviva
earl frames the enlargement of the marriage on that day of the marriage.
The first act
Susannah and Figaro are chatting in the
room. As soon as possible, two people who know Almaviva earl's strategy try to
obtain the permission of the marriage. However, there were people who tried to
prolong the marriage.
Cherubino who was Almaviva earl's page came
to the request so that Susannah may take and do between females in the castle.
At that time, the Almaviva earl has just come. Cherubino quickly hid. However,
Cherubino hears the Almaviva earl favor Susannah. Figaro brings the chorus and
the permission of the marriage is requested in those days. The Almaviva earl
tries to say that it is necessary to do as colorfully as possible, and to
extend the marriage. The reason is that the Almaviva earl tried to give time to
the plot of woman's vassal's Almaviva.
The second act
To teach the Almaviva earl a lesson, Figaro
hatches a conspiracy. And, it sends a letter to the Almaviva earl. The content
writes the countess's fickleness concocting it. At the same time, Susannah
promises the earl the date at night with the garden. However, Cherubino who
disguises it as Susannah there tries to show up, and to surprise the Almaviva
earl.
When Cherubino is disguising it, the
Almaviva earl has beaten the door. The warrant card has been dropped there,
though Cherubino who had panicked ran away from the window. The Almaviva earl
who had heard Figaro's plot from Susannah and the countess a little cross
examined it with Cherubino's warrant card. Figaro smoothed matters by grace of
the countess. However, the cabal that centered on Almaviva entered, and the
marriage became an extension further ahead.
The third act
Figaro's plot fell through. Then, the
countess and Susannah newly refine the strategy by two people so that the countess
may clarify the husband's infidelity. It was the one that Susannah invited the
earl to the date, and the countess who had put on Susannah's dress there showed
up. The plot of Marcellina had fallen through in those days. The reason is that
Marcellina and Figaro are in the relationship between a child and his parents.
The countess made Susannah write a letter
addressed to the Almaviva earl, and sealed it with the pin. It is written that
this pin is returned in the letter. It was quietly passed to the Almaviva earl.
Then, the Almaviva earl did not settle down, and postponed the marriage again.
The fourth act
It looks for the pin that Barbarina has
dropped. Figaro who shows up there is told the story that coils round the pin.
Figaro who doesn't know the plan of the countess and Susannah are surprised.
However, the plan advances. Barbarina speaks to Susannah Figaro's having learnt
this plan. The Almaviva earl did not know that the countess was disguising it
as Susannah, and was persuading his wife in front of parties concerned entire.
All the people of parties concerned knew this plan. The earl came to be able to
do nothing but beg permission to the wife admitting defeating completely.
Mozart composed "Don Giovanni".
The first performance was held in Prague on October 29, 1787.
Story
Overture
The first act
Don Giovanni who is a young aristocrat in
Spain seduces a woman one after another. Don Giovanni sneaked in to the room of
Donna Anna who was the daughter of the head of the knight on a certain night.
Donna Anna flung out of the house while shouting. Father of Donna Anna also
came in the voice. Her father tried to interrupt the way of Don Giovanni.
However, her father has been killed at the end of a short fight. It was sworn
to him to find "Murderer" to Don Ottavio who was her fiance for help,
and to make the criminal compensate for her.
Don Giovanni requests the following woman.
He marks down the woman who was covered of the veil. However, it was Donna
Elvira who was his wife. She tried to have him stop indecent acts any further.
Nevertheless, Don Giovanni looked for the
woman by gatherings of farmer's weddings. Zerlina who was the his bride. Don
Giovanni disregards the resistance of Masetto who is the bridegroom, and takes
her out. Donna Elvira who is his wife comes there. In addition, Donna Anna and
Don Ottavio that looked for the criminal of the knight head killing came. These
two people had the conviction that it was Don Giovanni to see the behavior of
Don Giovanni, and to have killed the head of the knight. Don Giovanni invited
two people to the dance party. Donna Elvira, Donna Anna, and Don Ottavio also
appear applying the mask to "His shameless act can be disclosed" and
this dance party. Of each started dancing. Don Giovanni started taking zerlina
into room next to mine in the place where everyone was confused. However, Donna
Elvira pursue Don Giovanni by her yell.
The second act
Leporello who was the servant of Don
Giovanni followed it only for money. To hilt, Don Giovanni and Leporello
exchanged clothes for Zerlina. This strategy succeeded. However, it is
obstructed by the large crowd whom Masetto has taken along. Don Giovanni and
Leporello have run away to the graveyard. Then, two people are effective the
voice that the statue of the head of the knight is frightened. Don Giovanni
invited the statue to supper. The statue acknowledged this invitation. He
doesn't accept it though the statue is urged on him to quiet down when the
statue comes to the house of Don Giovanni. Then, the statue was requested Don
Giovanni to come to me. He approved it without fearing it. The statue was not
stubbornly accepted though urged the current doing to be repented at the last
time. And, it disappeared in the flame of the hell.
Don Giovanni who was everyone's enemy
built, and it was gone, and of each began to build a new life.
