Performance Form

Today, I want to tell the orchestra and the solo as the performance form.

Orchestra

・Orchestra playing-Nutcracker-Pas de deux- (4:46)
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG0jMkoKLJo

 The orchestra came into existence from the instrumental music ensemble in around 1650. It consists of the musical instrument group named the stringed instrument, the woodwind, the brass instrument, and the percussion instrument. Moreover, there is a leader who generalizes the whole. It is Intendant to generalize the orchestra as the organization. Let’s see the organization of the orchestra with the performance.
  It is Kapellmeister, Musikdirektor, and Concertmaster to generalize the orchestra in music. Kapellmeister is a person in charge on the music side of the entire court band that matches the singer to the musical instrument performance. Concertmaster is a facilitator as the organization of the musical instrument performance. Moreover, the orchestra is pulled while performing in most cases by the player of the stringed instrument (especially, violin).
 The orchestra uses various musical instruments. Kinds of the musical instruments have changed. It is possible to read it from records of the past. It introduces typical musical instruments.
 

Violin

 There is putting the best bowstring in the violin respectively. The bowstring of strength that is appropriate for the size of the violin is put. The sound shuts oneself up when the bowstring is too fat. When the bowstring is too thin, it becomes a weak sound. It can be said that musical instruments will have been changed considering the volume, too. The violinist supports the violin firmly by the jaw and the left hand. Therefore, the movement of the position is not easy. It is necessary to raise the left hand when becoming loud tones. The violinist often performs at a high position in the orchestra work. The violinist has acquired such a technology.

 The bow changed the performing technique of the violin. It changed from a so-called baroque bow into Flachbogen. The tension of the bow doubled. The violin is added the improvement, and arrives now afterwards.

 

Flute

 In the 18th century, the recorder and the flute were concurrently used. However, the flute came to be used gradually in the orchestra because tone quality has been improved by a technical improvement of the flute. The compass of the flute became three octaves by the 18th end of the century. The role in the orchestra of the flute was solo and a concertino. However, so as not to be buried in other musical instruments of the orchestra, the flute has been improved. In the middle of 19th century, it came to be able to put out the compass of four octaves by using a key with the lid. And, the flute became musical instruments indispensable for the orchestra.

 

Oboe

 In the 18th first half of the century, the oboe was the typical woodwind in the orchestra. The role of the oboe is to play the melody with the violin besides solo. The performance ability of the oboe was almost the same as the violin in around 1700. When the upper register was performed because of a weak sound, the advanced technique was necessary for the oboist. Therefore, the composer did not write dynamic marks of “p” in the part of the oboe.

 In addition to this, there are trumpet of the brass instrument, tympani of the percussion instrument and others as musical instruments that compose the orchestra.
 

Solo

 

 Solo is said the alone performance while the orchestra performs a lot. Piano solo and the violin solo are the solo performances. Moreover, it is called solo to perform a certain part alone in the orchestra.